20 The relations between torsion and the Coriolis force have 19 The reader unincumbent with mathematical complexities may give it a try skipping the first topic and proceed to the second one in Section V and VI. Special Topics, Publication ahead of print Thermodynamic properties of symbols imply that their lifetimes are limited by the 2nd law.Įur. For a thermodynamic description of symbols and their arrangements, it appears reasonable to distinguish between Boltzmann entropy, Clausius entropy and Pauling entropy. In addition to their role as carriers of symbolic information, symbols are physical structures which also represent structural information. Ritualisation examples are briefly reviewed such as the origin of life, the appearance of human languages, the establishment of emergent social categories such as money, or the development of digital computers.
Symbolic information-processing systems exhibit the fundamental code symmetry whose key features, such as largely lossless copying or persistence under hostile conditions, may elucidate the reasons for the repeated successful occurrence of ritualisation phenomena in evolution history. Occurring at some stage in evolutionary history, ritualisation transitions have in common that after the crossover, arbitrary symbols are issued and recognised by information-processing devices, by transmitters and receivers in the sense of Shannon's communication theory. The self-organised emergence of symbolic information from structural information is referred to as a ritualisation transition. Information is encountered in two different appearances, in native form by arbitrary physical structures, or in symbolic form by coded sequences of letters or the like. Turing’s cascade instability blends the mind, brain, and behavior across space and time scales and provides an alternative to the dominant computer metaphor. We also review findings on neuronal avalanches in the brain, specifically about neural participation in body-wide cascades. We review work related to executive functioning (planning to act), postural control (bodily poise for turning plans into action), and effortful perception (action to gather information in a single modality and action to blend multimodal information). Here, we review a rapidly growing body of scientific investigations revealing signatures of cascade instability and their consequences for a perceiving, acting, and thinking organism. The time has come to confront Turing’s cascading instability, which suggests a geometrical framework driven by power laws and can be studied using multifractal formalism and multiscale probability density function analysis. Turing inspired a computer metaphor of the mind and brain that has been handy and has spawned decades of empirical investigation, but he did much more and offered behavioral and cognitive sciences another metaphor-that of the cascade. And this scale-dependent inflexibility of computation is a primary reason for the continuing and growing controversy over whether computers are always appropriate metaphors for the mind (Bickhard, 2009 Bickle, 2015 Bravo et al., 2021 Brette, 2019 Chemero, 2009 Christensen and Bickhard, 2002 Cobb, 2020 Degenaar and O'Regan, 2017 Gibson, 1979Gibson,, 1966Hooijmans and Keijzer, 2007 Kelty-Stephen et al., 2022a Kondepudi et al., 2017 Levin et al., 2021 Lyon et al., 2021 Matthews and Vosshall, 2020 Newen et al., 2018 Nielsen, 2019 Pattee, 1995Pattee,, 1974Raja, 2021 Rosen, 1991 Searle, 1990 Turvey and Carello, 2012 Vergara et al., 2017 Von Bertalanffy and Sutherland, 1974 Wood, 2019).
These constraints on computation are, by design, as much a promise from Turing's pioneering theory of the universe of computability as a constraint on where computability begins and ends (Pattee, 2007 (Pattee,, 2001. Computational modeling frameworks rely on linear, time-symmetric relationships among rate-independent processes defined as a characteristic scale.